Who invented the internet?
It is difficult to attribute credit to the invention of the Internet to only one person, as it is the result of the efforts of dozens of programmers, engineers, and scientists who are pioneers in their fields, who have developed many technologies and characteristics, and unified their research together to create the Internet.
However, the greatest credit for the invention of the early Internet goes to Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn, as they shared in 1973 AD their vision of inventing what is known as the decentralized Internet, which stemmed from their belief that information should be free and available to all.
Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn decided to implement their plan because they thought that using cellular systems as a model for creating and segmenting the Internet would result in international taxes and data transmission fees, causing each country to have its own local Internet and necessitating the use of large switches to allow communication between computers in various countries.
idea and invent what is known as the Transfer Control Protocol (TCP), which achieved a qualitative leap in the world of communication.
Vint and Robert published their invention in December 1974 without claiming a patent or intellectual property rights; This was due to their desire to accept and use it without any Danny Cohen, David Reed, and John Josh helped split the TCP into two by 1978 AD.
This was done in collaboration with Eugene Dellal and Carl Sunshine.
protocols, namely; Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), thanks to which, by 1993 AD, the Internet had already become a global network.
Internet pioneers who made contributions to its creation
- There are many innovators who paved the way for the invention of the Internet, its use on the ground, and its development, and the following are the most prominent of them:
Donald Davis: While Lawrence and Leonard were working on the creation of the distributed network, Donald Davis, a British scientist, was creating a new technology at the National Physical Laboratory in Middlesex.
Paul Baran: Engineer Paul Baran proposed the idea of creating a distributed network.
It is an open communication network that does not have a central command point, so that the communication points operate independently, and are not affected if one of them fails.
Lawrence Roberts: Lawrence Roberts, who served as ARPA's head scientist, found Paul Baran's concept to be intriguing.
He was quick to work with the team on the development of the distributed network.
He also created the first two separate computers that communicated together in 1965 AD, and developed the first packet-exchange network. ; Lawrence hooked a voice-paired modem to the phone line for the duration of the experiment to transfer digital data in packets.
Leonard Kleinrock: The American scientist Leonard made many achievements, including the following: He worked alongside the scientist Lawrence Roberts in order to build the distributed network.
Showcase the capability of joining one computer network to another.
The first message over the Internet was sent from the University of California to Stanford University, in 1969, and the message contained only two letters (lo), which are the letters that start with "login," the word Leonard attempted to type just before the system crashed, and in When the second try was successful, more messages started. to be exchanged between the two sites.
Paul Mokapeters and John Postel: The inventors Paul and John invented the Domain Name System (DNS) in 1984 AD, which is considered as the Internet phone book, and the first domain name on the Internet was launched (symbolics.com) on March 15, 1985 AD by a company Computer in Massachusetts.
Tim Berners-Lee: Tim has made many achievements, including the following: He established many principles that are still used today such as; Web browsers, (URL), and (HTTP).
He developed the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) in 1990, during his research at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), and this research played an important role in how you browse and view the Internet today.
He created the World Wide Web, which is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "Internet."
This network, which consists of a collection of websites and pages that link to other websites, helped the Internet gain global popularity.
It was made available to all users on August 23, 1991.
Mark Andreessen and Eric Pina: The two scientists invented the first widely used web browser, the Mosaic browser.
The browser was launched by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications on April 22, 1993 AD. Mosaic is considered a source of inspiration for the browsers that are used today, such as: Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, and others.
Important stages in the world of the Internet
Over the past years, the Internet has developed in an unprecedented way, as many important discoveries have played a role in making the Internet a global network, and the most prominent of these discoveries are the following:
Creating e-mail: The programmer Ray Tomlinson launched the e-mail service in 1971 AD, which is considered the first system for sending messages between users over a network.
Commercial Network: A commercial version of ARPANET was launched, known as Telenet; That was in 1974 AD, and it was considered the first Internet service provider.
Ethernet Service: Engineer Robert Metcalfe developed the idea of Ethernet service in 1973.
Modem: Scientists Dennis Hayes and Dale Hetherington introduced the first modem in 1977, and it was called the modem (80-103A), and the modem is the ideal choice for users to connect to the Internet.
User Data Protocol (UDP): User Data Protocol (UDP) became part of the ARPANET on January 1, 1983.
Commercial contact with the Internet service provider: The first Internet service provider was launched in the United States of America, and it was called the World, and that was in 1989 AD.
The Java Programming Language: James Gosling, in cooperation with other programmers, developed the Java language in 1995 AD, and the Java language is still a language used so far in building applications and computer programs.
JavaScript Language: In 1995, programmer Brendan Eich launched the JavaScript language; It is a client-side interpreted scripting language that gives a web designer the ability to insert code into their web page.
Publishing of the first website: The first website (info.cern.ch) was published on August 6, 1991.
Communication Protocols (TCP/IP)
Internet communication protocols (TCP/IP) made it possible to create an efficient and large system of interconnected networks, although many protocols were established before; Like File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Network Control Protocol (NCP), however, communication protocols (TCP/IP) formed the basis for building the Internet.
The Transport Control Protocol (TCP) receives messages sent from the source device and delivers them to the receiving device unchanged.
The mechanism of its work involves fragmenting this data into several packets and redistributing them; To move from one router to another over the Internet, and in front of the large number of available devices comes the role of the Internet Protocol (IP), which determines the location of data packets and directs them towards their address, and when they reach the receiving device, the TCP reassembles the packets to the form in which they were .
Internet
The word Internet is derived from the English word (interconnected), which means interconnected, and the name of the Internet was used for the first time by the scientist Vint Cerf. and academia, in its development, as the Internet today constitutes a widespread infrastructure for global information.
The invention of the telegraph, the telephone, and the radio paved the way for the invention of the Internet, which revolutionized the world of computers and communications in an unprecedented way, and what increased the importance of the Internet is that it is innovative mechanisms for the dissemination of information and its transmission worldwide, and the opportunity for cooperation and interaction between individuals and their computers without being restricted by the geographical dimension The Internet is one of the most successful examples of the benefits of continuous investment, commitment to research, and information infrastructure development